Research Paper - 1375 Words

Research Paper Inclusive education means that all students in a school, regardless of their strengths or weaknesses in any area, become part of the school community. They are included in the feeling of belonging among other students, teachers, and support staff. The educational practice known as, full inclusion may have negative effects on the self-esteem of a special needs child. In 1975, Congress passed the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, also known as Public Law94-142. Before this law came into effect many children with disabilities were routinely excluded from public schools. Their options were to remain at home or be institutionalized. This law was an important landmark in education and because of this law,†¦show more content†¦Integration presumes that â€Å"segregation† exists and students are with their peers without disabilities part-time. The CSIE did many studies and found that inclusion is more effective than either integration or mainstreaming. Ferguson’s (1992) project to achieve both social and learning outcomes for students in general education classrooms resulted in the finding that â€Å"integration doesn’t work, but inclusion does.† In 1997 President Clinton signed into law the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act. This law aims to strengthen academic expectations and accountability for the millions of children with disabilities. This law makes it clear that schools have a duty to educate children with disabilities in general education classrooms. With this law in effect the CSIE began to r eally push the inclusion movement in schools. When inclusion was proposed, educators’ primary concern was how learning-disabled students would benefit academically. Academic concern is important; studies on the success of inclusion have determined that there are social issues that need more attention. A study on inclusion conducted by (B. Dixon) in New Hampshire found that Even when students were first included in regular classes, teams did not focus on the students peer relations unless parents pushed the issue or studentsShow MoreRelatedWhy I Write A Research Paper900 Words   |  4 Pages39C is all about research papers, I put off my plan to take my major requirement class and take 39C first. I wanted to learn how to write a proper research paper before I take other classes because one of the major assignment in the major class will be a research paper. Coming to class, I had no idea what to expect and thought we just write the same thing as Writing 39B only with more outside sources. I did not know the difference between research papers and non research papers. It turns out thatRead MoreWriting a Great Research Paper1643 Words   |  7 Pagesby Karl Weber, M.A. Writing a Great Research Paper: Picking an A+ Topic Study Guide Video Aided Instruction, Inc. Roslyn Heights, New York 1 #VAI-S1914 v1.0 This study guide should be used along with a program published by Video Aided Instruction, Inc. For more information, call 1-800 -238-1512 or visit us online at videoaidedinstruction.com. This study guide should be used along with the following program published by Video Aided Instruction. The instructor works through the exercisesRead MoreA Research Paper On The Quality Research906 Words   |  4 PagesThe reason this book is being reviewed is because this was one of our textbook for our book review. This book was for our class to understand how to write a research paper in higher standard. The Quality Research Papers is written by Nancy Vyhmeister has forty-five years of experience in teaching future pastors and professors throughout the world. She continues to have a global ministry in her retirement years, mostly teaching and writing. She also has authored several books, both in Spanish andRead MoreNotes On Child Vaccinations And Gender Roles, And A Research Paper1285 Words   |  6 Pageshave chosen three papers for my portfolio: paper one - Language Matters: Positives and Negatives, paper two - PEP for Vitamins and Gender Roles, and a research paper, paper f our - Child Vaccinations: Importance to a Healthy Society. I have written four papers in total, and I believe that these papers illustrate the different style of writing, and the progress I have made throughout this semester. The structure of this cover letter will display how these three particular papers address the EnglishRead MoreThe Writing A Research Paper923 Words   |  4 PagesWriting a Research Paper The research paper There will come a time in most students careers when they are assigned a research paper. Such an assignment often creates a great deal of unneeded anxiety in the student, which may result in procrastination and a feeling of confusion and inadequacy. This anxiety frequently stems from the fact that many students are unfamiliar and inexperienced with this genre of writing. Never fear—inexperience and unfamiliarity are situations you can change throughRead MoreNotes On Child Vaccinations And Gender Roles, And A Research Paper1331 Words   |  6 Pagesthree papers for my portfolio: Paper One - Language Matters: Positives and Negatives, Paper Two - PEP for Vitamins and Gender Roles, and a research paper, Paper Four - Child Vaccinations: Importance to a Healthy Society. I have written four papers in total, and I believe that these papers demonstrate the different styles of writing I have learned and illustrate the progress I have made throughout this semester. The structure of thi s cover letter will display how these three particular papers addressRead MoreHow To Write A Good Research Paper1057 Words   |  5 PagesA Research Paper is a type of academic writing that needs more theoretical, significant and methodical level of question. Although a research paper is a kind of term paper, some term papers don’t require academic research. Not all research papers can be considered as term papers. An objective of writing a research paper is to allow people to read the work selectively. In order to make an impression over the reader, in other words to make a paper readable following some points should be noted: ï‚ §Read MoreThe Purpose Of An Excellent Research Paper1339 Words   |  6 PagesThe brilliant purpose of research papers is to persuade the reader using appeals. The writer presents information about a topic while using sources to provide vital details found in their research. Whether written in a popular, informal tone or a serious, formal tone, credibility of the sources is always important. There are several steps to creating an excellent research paper. A topic page must be included, followed by the research paper itself, and the sources must be included at the end in aRead MoreResearch Process and Terminology Paper1066 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Process and Terminology Paper CJA/334 Research Methods in Criminal Justice January 10, 2012 Abstract In this paper you will learn the process of research. Anyone can research but in order to research correctly, one must know the language and process. As always when researching the reason one is researching to find new information. This is when one will familiarize their self with new research terminology as well as knowledge. When one describes the research process it should contain;Read MoreResearch Critique Research Paper1710 Words   |  7 Pages Part B: Research Critique (60 marks) Article: Tuckett A Turner C 2016, ‘Do you use social media? A study into new nursing and midwifery graduates uptake of social media’, International Journal of Nursing Practice, no. 22, pp. 197–204, doi:10.1111/ijn.12411 Specific critique area Answer Explain the purpose of the study. Use the PICO or PICo format to identify the research question. (150 words) This study does not pose a clear research question, but makes a declarative question that identifies

Geslalt Psychology - 1501 Words

Gestalt psychology means unified whole. Gestalt psychology does not look at things as individual elements but as a whole. The three main founders who established the school of gestalt psychology were Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka as well as Wolfgang Kohler. The foundations of the Gestalt psychology are perception, memory and learning. Some of the principles of Gestalt psychology are isomorphism, productive thinking as well as reproductive thinking which will be elaborated in this essay. One of the main contributions of Gestalt psychology is Gestalt therapy which focuses on helping an individual understand their internal self and the difference of what they experience and interpretation of events. Gestalt is a psychology term which means†¦show more content†¦This shows that the pattern of a persons conscious experience or perception is structurally similar to the patterns of the activity of the brain. The isomorphism discussed in gestalt theory is mainly functional isomorphism. Behavior of a system as if it was physically similar in shape. It can only be assumed as the exact geometrical configuration of the brain but cannot be observed phenomenological. Productive thinking will lead to an understanding of the relationships between the objects in a problem which will in turn lead to an abstract thought process which can be applied to future problems. Productive thinking is used when there is no obvious answer to the problem. It basically requires the individual to think out of the box to get to the answer. For example, in the Two String Problem experiment, participants were asked to enter a room where to strings were tie at each end of the room and was impossible to grasp both at the same time. At the same time a pair of pliers was also found in the room. Participants were asked to tie both strings together. This situation required participants to perceive the relationship between the objects and relate it to the question that they were asked. The way to resolve this problem was to use the pliers to act as pendulums to give the strings some weight so that it can be further extended and participant can then pull these extended strings towards each other and tie it.Show MoreRelatedHumanistic Psychology Essay1421 Words   |  6 PagesGreece and Europe of the Renaissance, when such affirmations were expressed. Humanistic Psychology is a contemporary manifestation of that ongoing commitment. Its message is a response to the denigration of the human spirit that has so often been implied in the image of the person drawn by behavioral and social sciences. Ivan Pavlovs work with the conditioned reflex had given birth to an academic psychology in the United States led by John Watson, which came to be called the science of behaviorRead More Humanistic Psychology Essay1424 Words   |  6 PagesGreece and Europe of the Renaissance, when such affirmations were expressed. Humanistic Psychology is a contemporary manifestation of that ongoing commitment. Its message is a response to the denigration of the human spirit that has so often been implied in the image of the person drawn by behavioral and social sciences. Ivan Pavlovs work with the conditioned reflex had given birth to an academic psychology in the United States led by John Watson, which came to be called quot;the science of behavior†

Herman Melville’s’ Moby Dick Free Essays

Introduction Moby Dick has secured the author’s reputation in the first rank of all American writers. Firstly, the novel was published in the expurgated form and was called The Whale. It was published in 1851 (Bryant 37). We will write a custom essay sample on Herman Melville’s’ Moby Dick or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Moby Dick† is an encyclopedia of the American romanticism. Here there are thousands of private observations, concerning the developments of the American bourgeois democracy and the American public consciousness. These observations were made by writers and poets, the predecessors of Melville. Here we can see the united protest of the American romantic idea against bourgeois and capitalistic progress in its national American forms. Meaning of cannibalism In the present paper we will discuss the meaning of cannibalism in the novel (Delbanco 26). The famous citation of the chapter 65 contains deep sense that deserves thorough analysis: â€Å"Cannibals? who is not a cannibal? I tell you it will be more tolerable for the Fejee that salted down a lean missionary in his cellar against a coming famine; it will be more tolerable for that provident Fejee, I say, in the day of judgment, than for thee, civilized and enlightened gourmand, who nailest geese to the ground and feastest on their bloated livers in thy pate-de-foie-gras† (Melville 242).  Moby dick is also educational and true, because Romanticism believed that fiction had to be the only vehicle to describe the history of the past. The intention was to make the story interesting (Bryant 14). To understand the original meaning of cannibalism in the  novel it is important to establish principles which Melville has built the narration on. The attitude towards cannibals is described better in the story â€Å"Typee†. The connection with this story helps us understand the meaning of the abovementioned citation from â€Å"Moby Dick†.   Pictures of savages’ life drawn by writer bear all features of â€Å"an ideal life â€Å". Melville admired the life of the tribe, but we can’t but notice, however, that he was not going to offer the reader a happy life of savages as the sample for imitation. The poetic pictures drawn by the writer have another meaning. They are created for comparison with contemporary bourgeois civilization (Delbanco 26). According to Melville, Bourgeois civilization, in the kind it existed at the beginning of XIX century, had no future. â€Å"Ideality† of savages in has two aspects: natural and public (Bryant 37). In natural aspect the savage is ideal because it is fine, and it is fine because has kept the features of the physical shape lost by the civilized person (Bryant 15). Melville adhered the same principle when he spoke about â€Å"ideality† of cannibals’ social existence. A savage does not have property, and it does not know what money is. It is relieved by that of two harms of a civilization. They cannot have a desire to act in defiance of truth and validity (Bryant 15). There is no stimulus for that. The savage is not spoiled by a civilization, but it has the defects: cannibalism and heathenism. However, what do they mean in comparison with more severe, realized crimes of the civilized person? In Moby Dick Melville is rather laconic describing savages life elements, but narrates in detail about the bourgeois state and the legislation, police, crimes against society, about power of money, about religious prosecutions, noxious influence of the society on a person – all that precedes eschatological accidents (i.e. infringement of the right and morals, conflicts, the crimes of people demanding punishment of gods) (Bryant 36). Melville does not dismiss cannibalism, backwardness of intelligence and public consciousness, primitiveness of a life and many other negative phenomena in a life of â€Å"happy† savages. Speaking about some wild or even brutal customs of savages, he finds parallels in a life of a civilized society: cannibalism is a devil art which we find out in the invention of every possible retaliatory machines; retaliatory wars are poverty and destructions; the most furious animal in the word is the white civilized person (Delbanco 25). Symbolism as a trait of romanticism in the novel It is not the only symbolic trait in the Moby Dick. For example, all crew members are given descriptive, biblical-sounding names and Melville avoids the exact time of all events and very details. It is the evidence of allegorical mode. It is necessary to mention the mix of pragmatism and idealism (Bryant 14). For example, Ahab desires to pursue the whale and Starbuck desires to arrange a normal commercial ship dealing with whaling business. Moby Dick can be considered as the symbolical example of good and evil (Delbanco 25). Moby Dick is like a metaphor for â€Å"elements of life that are out of people’s control†. The Pequod’s desire to kill the white whale is allegorical, because the whale represents the main life goals of Ahab. What is more important is that Ahab’s revenge against Moby is analogous to people’s struggling against the fate (Bryant 14). Conclusion In conclusion it is necessary to admit that Melville thought people needed to have something to reach for in their life and the desirable goal might destroy the life of a person. Moby Dick is a real obsession which affected the life of ship crew (Bryant 37). Thus, the  system of images in â€Å"Moby Dick† makes us understand the basic ideas of the novel of Melville. Eschatological accidents often are preceded with infringement of the right and morals, conflicts and crimes of people, and the world perishes from fire, flood, cold, heat, famine. We can see this in the novel  «Moby Dick† which shows a life of the American society of the beginning of XIX century (Delbanco 15). Works cited Levine, Robert S., ed. The Cambridge Companion to Herman Melville. Cambridge, UK New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Delbanco, Andrew. Melville: His World and Work. New York: Knopf, 2005 Melville, Herman: Redburn, White-Jacket, Moby-Dick (G. Thomas Tanselle, ed.) (Library of America, 1983) Bryant, John, ed. A Companion to Melville Studies. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1986 Bryant, John. Melville and Repose: The Rhetoric of Humor in the American Renaissance. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001 How to cite Herman Melville’s’ Moby Dick, Essay examples

Not in Front of the Audience Homosexuality on Stage Essay Example For Students

Not in Front of the Audience: Homosexuality on Stage Essay Much of the important work on theatre history and dramatic literature currently being done within the academy falls under the category of gender studies. Responding to Adrienne Richs call to revise the cultural past (to look back in gender, as Michelle Wandor has put it), feminist critics and their progeny, especially in gay and lesbian studies, have been rewriting our dramatic heritage both by unearthing new subjects for study (the careers of Edy Craig and Elizabeth Robins, the plays of Aphra Behn and Githa Sowerby) and by offering new ways of looking at even the most canonical texts (the theoretical work of Teresa De Lauretis, Jill Dolan, Sue-Ellen Case and Elin Diamond). Outline1 Dawn of sexual candor  2 Multiple messages  3 Utopian allegories   Dawn of sexual candor   As this catalogue of names suggests, the task of engendering theatre has been taken up, for the most part, by feminist scholars interested both in female theatre practitioners of the past and in the creation of a feminist theatrical criticism for the present. Increasingly, male critics are turning their hands to this project. In contributing to our understanding of how homosexuality has been represented by English and American playwrights of this century, John M. Clum and Nicholas de Jongh place this formerly unspeakable subject center stage. In analyzing the politics of masculinity in the work of two of Americas leading playwrights, David Savran opens up new perspectives on the careers of Arthur Miller and Tennessee Williams and, in the process, pioneers a critical form that is both admirably formalist in its precision and ambitiously political in its implications. In the introduction to Not in Front of the Audience, de Jongh divides the history of male homosexuality on the modern stage into three eras: the triumphalism of the Christian ethic (1925-1958), when homosexuality was represented as the archetype of evil; the later Cold War phase (1958-1967), when the homosexual was the model of the pathetic-unfortunate; and the final period (1968-1985), during which the negative myths, by which homosexuals were judged, began to be eroded. Although the story de Jongh eventually tells turns out to be far less linear and far more interesting than this periodization suggests, his is primarily an eschatological history: We have emerged from the dark ages of stereotype into the dawn of a theatre of sexual candor. De Jongh is at his best telling the British side of his story in a series of theatrical anecdotes. (In this respect, his book provides a useful supplement to Kaier Curtins groundbreaking We Can Always Call Them Bulgarians: The Emergence of Lesbian and Gay Men on the American Stage.) His account of John Osbornes fight with the Lord Chamberlain over the censorship of A Patriot for Me provides an interesting look at the last phase of official censorship in the London theatre. His record of the genesis of Martin Shermans Bent describes the new battles playwrights had to wage when the sources of censorship became more diffuse. As theatre critic for Londons Evening Standard, de Jongh sprinkles his history with first-hand accounts of plays in performance and personal interviews. Clums Acting Gay: Male Homosexuality in Modern Drama covers some of the same ground, but in a more idiosyncratic and ultimately more suggestive fashion. Although his book, like de Jonghs, can at times seem both overly critical (especially of gay playwrights whose works reflect now politically incorrect ideas about homosexuality) and overly prescriptive about what a new gay theatre should be, Clum nonetheless takes a much broader and more liberating view of what gay audiences might find empowering. .u2accfab2c45dc866467b697e5ae09492 , .u2accfab2c45dc866467b697e5ae09492 .postImageUrl , .u2accfab2c45dc866467b697e5ae09492 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2accfab2c45dc866467b697e5ae09492 , .u2accfab2c45dc866467b697e5ae09492:hover , .u2accfab2c45dc866467b697e5ae09492:visited , .u2accfab2c45dc866467b697e5ae09492:active { border:0!important; } .u2accfab2c45dc866467b697e5ae09492 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2accfab2c45dc866467b697e5ae09492 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2accfab2c45dc866467b697e5ae09492:active , .u2accfab2c45dc866467b697e5ae09492:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2accfab2c45dc866467b697e5ae09492 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2accfab2c45dc866467b697e5ae09492 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2accfab2c45dc866467b697e5ae09492 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2accfab2c45dc866467b697e5ae09492 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2accfab2c45dc866467b697e5ae09492:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2accfab2c45dc866467b697e5ae09492 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2accfab2c45dc866467b697e5ae09492 .u2accfab2c45dc866467b697e5ae09492-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2accfab2c45dc866467b697e5ae09492:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ritual primitive form of theatre? Essay Multiple messages   For de Jongh, the theatre has traditionally promoted plays of rigid orthodoxy, driving home messages of political, social and sexual conformity to the status quo. He imagines audiences as passive consumers of such messages. Clum is more attuned to the quirkily subversive ways in which we appropriate theatrical experience for our own ends, the ways in which we refuse to reduce the medium to a single message. For de Jongh, homosexuality must be explicitly present in the text for it to qualify for analysis; for Clum, a theatrical event can become gay through other meansa kiss, a naked body, a bit of strategically placed drag. Hence, John Guares Six Degrees of Separation might be as gay as Doric Wilsons Street Theatre, a production of Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice as observant about the policing of homosexual desire as Robert Andersons Tea and Sympathy. Acting Gay offers a witty and observant commentary on how homosexuality operates within the theatrical scene and will provide a us eful jumping-off place for critics of a more systematic bent. If the studies of de Jongh and Clum read like dress rehearsal for a future engendered critique of Western theatrical practice, David Savrans Communists, Cowboys and Queers is opening night. Deploying the critical strategies of New Historicism, feminist criticism and gay studies, Savran offers the most brilliant and sustained analysis of work by Arthur Miller and Tennessee Williams to date. For Savran, Miller functions as the theatres version of a Cold War liberal, while Williams performs the role of skittish radical. He argues that Millers writings reinforce, albeit nervously and guiltily, the stereotypes Cold War culture presented as the natural roles of men and women, while simultaneously revealing the anxieties circulating around both male and female sexuality. Williams, on the other hand, challenges these same constructions by offering subtly subversive models of gender and sexuality. Utopian allegories   Savrans historically grounded focus on the politics of masculinity leads him to a revaluation of often neglected texts and a defamiliarization of old standards. His reading of Millers screenplay for The Misfits as the most far-reaching of the playwrights explorations of male heroism and female resistance would seem far-fetched outside the precise cultural context Savran provides for his analysis. His discussion of After the Fall and its reception offers a powerful corrective to the usual denunciation of that work. For Savran, Tennessee Williams is ultimately a literary and theatrical surrealist whose works are to be read and produced less as depictions of character or situation than as utopian allegories of (un)imaginable sexual and political bliss. This Williams is the contemporary of Breton, Barthes and Foucault, not of Miller, Inge and Anderson. Savran offers a convincing critique of those who accuse the early Williams of offering gay characters in female drag, then goes on to investigate what for him is the radical potential of such comparatively neglected works as In the Bar of a Tokyo Hotel and Moise and the World of Reason. In its recontextualization of the work of Miller and Williams within the gender politics of the Cold War period, Savrans book successfully fulfills Adrienne Richs dictum that We need to know the writing of the past, and know it differently than we have ever known it; not to pass on a tradition but to break its hold over us.

Our Living Shield The First Amendment Essays - James Madison, Law

Our Living Shield: The First Amendment ? The authors of the Constitution of the United States created a magnificent list of liberties which were, at the time ascribed, to most people belonging to the United States. The main author, James Madison, transported the previous ideas of f undamental liberties from the great libertarians around the world, such as John Lilburne, John Locke, William Walwyn and John Milton. Madison and other previous libertarians of his time were transposed into seventeen different rights which were to be secured to all those in the United States. These seventeen civil liberties were compressed into ten different groupings which were designated as the "Bill of Rights." In this document lay the First Amendment which stated that the people of the Uni ted States had the "freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government..." The First Amendment was drafted by federalist Madison mainly as a political tactic to abolish anti-federalist resistance to the Constitution. After its passage in December of 1791, the First Amendment remained more idealistic than realistic. The First Amendment remained a set of ideals which were not to be carried out during its first century, then progressed to more realistic terms during its latter half of utilization. ? During the first century of the First Amendment, the First Amendment was paid a glance by all when it came to actually carrying out the freedoms guaranteed by this amendment. For example, in 1794, Pennsylvanian backcountry farmers protested a whiskey tax. The protesters were not violent such as those of the previous Shay's Rebellion. George Washington sent in a militia to crush the rebellion denying them of their First Amendment right to "peaceably assemble." Later, in 1836, anti sl avery newspaper editor James G. Birney had been warned that his newspaper "The Philanthropist" was not desirable in the city of Cincinatti. When Birney refused to cooperate, mob action took rule and, "scattered the type into the streets, tore down t he presses and completely dismantled the office." This contradicted the First Amendment which stated that, "freedom...of the press," is a constitutional right. The Supreme Court could do nothing about these situations when in Barron v. Baltimore, t he Court ruled that, "These amendments contain no expression indicating an intention to apply them to state governments. This court cannot so apply them." Thus, the Supreme Court could not interfere when First Amendments are being violated within a state. These acts were representative of the lack of recognition for our First Amendment rights during the first half of the Bill of Right's acceptance. ? The second half of the Bill of Rights was marked by a rebirth in which the Bill of Rights was no longer a set of ideals. The second half began when in 1925, the court ruled in Gitlow v. New York that the First Amendment supersedes state laws . This nullified the Court's ruling in Barron v. Baltimore, which took place 92 years earlier. Also, in 1931, the Court overturned Minnesota's conviction of Jay M. Near, whose anti Semitic "Saturday Press" violated Minnesota law which prohibited " malicious, scandalous and defamatory" remarks towards politicians and other public officials. The Court stamped Minnesota's law in violation of the First amendment. In 1937, Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes overturned the conviction of Oregon Com munist Dirk De Jonge. De Jonge had been detained for attending a meeting to protest the police shooting of striking longshoremen. The Court ruled that "Peaceable assembly for lawful discussion cannot be made a crime." More recently, in 1985, the S upreme Court ruled that burning the American flag is protected by the First Amendment when the Court reversed the conviction of Gregory Lee Johnson, who was arrested for violation of the Flag Protection Act of 1989. The Court then ruled the Flag Protection Act of 1989 unconstitutional. These instances clearly portray the rebounding of libertarian beliefs. ? The First Amendment of the Constitution started off as a set of beliefs meant to supply reason for one being patriotic rather than supply those inalienable rights discussed in the Declaration of Independence. It then developed into a powerfu l document which is the only living manuscript which specificly lists out the peoples rights. One cannot look back without looking ahead. The supreme court currently is overwhelmingly conservative. Without the balance of conservatism and liberalism, a deficiency evolves. And this deficiency is human rights. The Supreme Court ruled in 1990 that two American Indians were not protected by the First Amendment when they religiously smoked peyote. This is only a sample of the conservatism

Issues in the management of human resources The WritePass Journal

Issues in the management of human resources Introduction Issues in the management of human resources Introduction1. What social, economic and/or cultural conditions give rise to the HR issues in this case?2.   Which three module topics do you intend to address within your answer to Assignment 2, and why have you chosen these?3. Which academic journal articles will you examine, and why have you chosen these? References:Related Introduction 1. What social, economic and/or cultural conditions give rise to the HR issues in this case? Experiencing change: New markets and relocated managers raised components in Jaguar, which means it is taking over the luxury carmaker market world-widely by finding a local partner to consolidate social position. Government support for research and development to ensure the industrys strength is important. Strategic HRD/HRM: According to contextual and dynamic framework Garavan (2007), Jaguar changed global environment from national conditions to multinational; therefore job value and uniqueness have been transferred from internal customers or suppliers to external. Cultural comparisons: Jaguar needs to take consideration of uncertainty avoidance due to cultural environment changed in new market. Reward options are keys to impact recruitment in the background of cultural diversity. 2.   Which three module topics do you intend to address within your answer to Assignment 2, and why have you chosen these? Experiencing change: Life is a journey with full of change. Transition and resistance happened everyday in organisations. Change is uncertain and what is present today maybe absent tomorrow. The movement with strategies creating opportunities for a better future is what organisation needs to experience. Cultural comparisons: When organisations globalize, most of work finished through people located in different nations. Collaboration and coordination of employment is the noticeable trend. Therefore the importance of cultural comparisons is rising up. Coaching: Leadership is an art and ensures the continuation of the organisation. Stimulate effectiveness by enabling others to reach both personal and institutional potential. Managers emphasize coaching as a key part to sustain leadership effectiveness. 3. Which academic journal articles will you examine, and why have you chosen these? Experiencing change: Smollan (2006) published different perspectives to change in organizational behaviour. Conway (2008) explores the relationship between HR practices and commitment to change. Bunker (2008) responded to change and help people move forward. Cultural comparison: Ferner (2011) used large-scale representative surveys to examine key aspects of control in multinational companies. Lamond and Zheng (2009) pointed critical view on Chinese HRM issues. Cantwell and Zhang (2011) summarised the relationship between multinational corporations and local economic systems. Coaching: Kirkbride (2006) illustrated innovative range leadership model and how this model developed leadership. Cole (2011) reviewed the latest management developments from cutting-edge research. Pollitt (2011)explained coaching initiative and the results it achieved. References: Bunker, K. A. (2008) â€Å"Responses to Change: Helping People Manage Transition†. Leadership in Action, vol.28, No.5, pp.15-17 Cantwell, J. and Zhang, Y. (2011) â€Å"Innovation and location in the multinational firm†.   International Journal of Technology Management, vol. 54, No.1, pp. 116-132 Cole, G. (2011) â€Å"Why leaders are key to their own development†. Human Resource Management International Digest, vol.19, No.2, pp. 19-23 Conway, E. (2008) â€Å"HR practices and commitment to change: an employee-level analysis†. Human Resource Management Journal, vol. 18 Issue 1, pp.72-89 Ferner, A. (2011) â€Å"HRM structures and subsidiary discretion in foreign multinationals in the UK†. International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol. 22 Issue 3, pp. 483-509 Garavan, T. (2007) â€Å"A Strategic Perspective on Human Resource Development†. Advances in Developing Human Resources, vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 11-30 Kirkbride, P. (2006) â€Å"Developing transformational leaders: the full range leadership model in action†. Industrial and Commercial Training, vol. 38 Issue: 1, pp.23 32 Lamond, D. and Zheng, C. (2009) â€Å"A Critical Review of Human Resource Management Studies (1978-2007) in the People’s Republic of China†. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol.20, No.11, pp.2194-2227 Pollitt, D. (2011) â€Å"Coaching drives performance improvement at GM Europe†. Human Resource Management International Digest, vol.19, No.1, pp.10-11 Smollan, R. K. (2006) Minds, hearts and deeds: Cognitive, affective and behavioural responses to change.   Journal of Change Management, vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 143-158

10 Olympic Legends Who Found Another Job

10 Olympic Legends Who Found Another Job Wondering what you’ll do if or when one career ends? Ever thought about what it must be like to train your entire life to compete in one event and then have to come up with a second plan when age or injury forces your hand? Here are the second career paths of 10  of the most legendary Olympic athletes for inspiration- or commiseration.Ray EwryRay Ewry was one of those sporting miracles. Told he’d never walk after a childhood polio diagnosis confined him to a wheelchair, he went on not only to recover but to become one of the most successful Olympic athletes in history, participating in three consecutive Olympic games and winning 10  gold medals. His record of eight individual event golds was topped only by Michael Phelps.When Ewry’s athletic career ended (and he didn’t live in an era of lucrative sponsorship deals to keep him rich without having to work), he returned home and worked as an engineer. Some of the projects he worked on included an aqueduct from the Catskills to NYC and naval vessels for WWI.Jim ThorpeJim Thorpe was a dominant force in Track Field in the 1912 Games, but was stripped of his gold medals when news surfaced that he had been paid to play baseball professionally before going to the Olympics.After the Olympics, he served as the first president of the American Professional Football Association, which later became the NFL. Though, his second career derailed after the Great Depression and he never quite righted the boat, living out the rest of his days in poverty.Duke KahanamokuThe Godfather of surfing, Kahanamoku was an Olympic gold and silver medalist in swimming, competing in three different Games. His international tour would go on to bring surfing to the world stage- and would inspire the film â€Å"Duke: A Great Hawaiian.†In addition to this, he had a bit part acting career in Hollywood, plus some extra odd jobs (including being a janitor), and finally the ceremonial position of Sheriff of Honolul u.Paavo Nurmiâ€Å"The Flying Finn† won four golds over the course of as many Games. His second career turned out to be running  a sewing shop in downtown Helsinki. He also went on to be something of a real estate mogul in Helsinki. This path led to a comfortable life†¦even if he did  pass up a chance to buy the property that would later be purchased by Disney for their first theme park in Florida.Eric Liddellâ€Å"The Flying Scotsman† was a deeply Christian man, born to Scottish parents in China. He sat out a 100-meter heat on a Sunday, but went on to get the gold in the 400 the next day. Liddel went back to China after the Games to do missionary work and teaching until he was officially ordained as a minister in 1932. Very sadly, he would lose his life in a Japanese internment camp in 1945, after the war broke out.Johnny WeissmullerSwimmer turned actor and Hollywood heartthrob, Weismuller won five gold medals between the 1924 and 1928 Games. His was another success story of overcoming childhood polio. He would go on to be granted the role of Tarzan in Tarzan the Ape Man and made several other films. His third and fourth careers? Amateur golf and a swimming pool company.Jesse OwensOwens was one of the greatest Track Field athletes of all time. After winning four gold medals in the 1936 Berlin Games, he was blacklisted from amateur competitions. He took work running against unruly racehorses. When asked if that was too degrading for an Olympic champion, he replied, â€Å"People say that it was degrading for an Olympic champion to run against a horse, but what was I supposed to do? I had four gold medals, but you can’t eat four gold medals.†Owens went on to run a dry cleaning business, work at a gas station, and, finally, became a U.S. goodwill ambassador.Bob MathiasMathias became a decathlon champion two months after he first tried the sport, and medaled in two consecutive Olympics (even though he’d originally gone for high jumping and shot put). After his Olympic victories, he joined the Marines, becoming a Captain. Later, he would star in a film, serve four terms in the U.S. House of Representatives, and be named Deputy Director of the Selective Service.Emil ZatopekKnown as the â€Å"Czwch Locomotive,† Zatopek won the first marathon he ever participated in, at the 1952 Games. He also won the 5,000 and 10,000 meter races. He was a national hero until he fell afoul of his country’s Communist party and had to take dangerous work digging wells, mining uranium, and collecting refuse until he was finally rehabilitated in 1990.Wilma RudolphRudolph was considered the fastest woman alive in the 1960s. She was the first woman to win 3 golds in one Games in 1960. Another childhood polio survivor, she went on to teach second grade at her old school, and to coach track and do the occasional bit of television sports corresponding.